Monday March 30

This is Java.

• Programming Exercises
• Regular 100/80/60 Quizzes
• Short Answer Quizzes
• Unit Exam
• Game Project (15% of final mark)

• JavaTM 2 Platform, Standard Edition, v 1.6.0 API Specification
• Java Tutorial

• Read this Going Loopy Tutorial.
• Read Sun's While and Do..While Tutorial
• Read While Loop
• Do these problems: Control Flow Statement Questions and Exercises.

1. Write a while loop that prints 10 random numbers (all between 1 and 10).
2. Modify the loop from question 1 so that if one of the random numbers is 5, it prints "You win" and ends the loop.
3. Write a while loop that prints the digits -100 up to 100.
4. Write a while loop that prints the digits 100 down to -100.

1. Watch The Monty Hall Problem.
2. Watch Monty Hall's Denial of the problem.
3. Download and play this working version of MontyHall.java
4. Modify this game so that the user can play repeatedly in a single run of the program. Count the number of times the player wins, and print the percentage of wins at the end of the program.

1. Watch this video on Ending a Loop with a Sentinel Value (C++)
2. Write a program that reads any number of grades in numerical format, averages them, and then displays the average to the user. Use a while or do...while loop to enter grades and a sentinel variable to indicate when to stop entering grades. Allow the program user to determine when to stop entering the grades.

1. Watch this video on the For Loop
2. Read this Going Loopy Tutorial.
3. Read this For Loop in Java.
4. With a partner these exercises.
5. If you have time in class, do exercise 6cd (below)

1. With a partner, complete these Loops Exercises **on paper**.
2. When you are done, confirm your answers by running the code.

1. Write a program to find the sum of first 42 positive numbers using a for loop.

1. Write and run a program that reads a positive integer n and then prints a triangle of asteriks in that number of rows. Use two nested for loops. For example, if n is 4, then the output would be:

   *
   **
   ***
   ****

   Hints to solve this algorithm:
   1) Print a single star using System.out.print("*").
   2) Get the program to print n stars on one line (a single for loop).
   3) Then get it to print an nxn square of stars (another for loop around the first for loop). Use System.out.println(""); to add a hard return where you need one.
   4) Now change only one thing in the program will give you the triangle you seek.
   
   NOTE: Solutions with two for loops that are not nested, or with only one for loop will not be accepted.

1. Creates an array of 200 integers
2. Loads the array with 200 random values between 1 and 100 (Hint: use a for loop)
3. Prints the elements of the array in order from index 0 to index 199. (Hint: use another for loop)
4. Prints the elements of the array in REVERSE order from index 199 to index 0. (Hint: use a 3rd for loop)

1. Download this incomplete program.
2. Complete the method absoluteValues() that replaces all the negative numbers in an array of integers with their absolute values.
3. Complete the method indexOfMinimum() that returns the index of the minimum value stored in an array.

1. Declare a 10x10 2D array of integers.
2. Populate the array with random integers between (and including) 0 and 9.
3. Call a method named print2DArray and pass it the above array. The method will print the array by line as shown below:

        1 2 3 4 0 9 4 3 2 6 
        4 3 2 1 5 3 4 2 0 9 
        5 6 7 8 5 3 7 5 8 1 
        8 7 6 5 0 8 9 5 7 3 
        5 6 7 8 5 3 7 5 8 1
        0 9 8 0 5 3 2 5 3 7
        4 3 2 1 5 3 4 2 0 9
        7 2 0 8 9 2 6 4 6 5
        1 0 7 9 3 5 7 4 6 3
        0 5 4 9 4 9 0 5 3 5
   	 

4. Call a method named findSum and pass it the above array. The method will find the sum of the numbers in the array and print it.

In this assignment, you will learn to read data from a file, process the data, and write data to a file. The skills learned here will be required to complete Assignment 2: Change One Letter.

Watch Ms Wear's Lesson on File I/O (Input/Output) to complete this exercise.

1. Create a new Eclipse Project. Call your main class FileInputOutput.
2. Copy and paste File Input and Output Code into your main class.
3. Copy and paste this list of numbers. Save it into a text file called nums.txt in the bin folder of your Eclipse project.
4. Run the code. You should see the contents of nums.txt print to the console.
5. Look into the Eclipse Project folder using Windows Explorer (the file manager on Windows) and notice a new file called output.txt has appeared. Open it, and you should see a duplicate of the numbers in nums.txt. This file was created by your program!
6. Now uncomment line 21, and write the method sumIntegers(). Run the program.
7. It should print the sum of the values in the console.

          char initial = 'k';
          int numValue = (int)initial;
          System.out.println(initial + " has numerical value " + numValue);
          if (initial < 'a' || initial > 'z') {
              System.out.println("initial is not a letter");
          }
          

The "Change One Letter" game has a 4 letter start word and a 4 letter goal word. The challenge is to get from the start word to the goal word by changing one letter per turn.

Sample Play
Start Word: wall
Goal Word: boil

wall
mall
mail
hail
tail
toil
boil
 

You are to write a program that allows two people to play the game until there is either a winner OR someone clicks cancel.

Each play of the game will have the following format:

1. Player 1 enters a 4 letter start word into a Input Dialog Box, which must be validated against an English dictionary file then displayed in the console.
2. Player 2 enters a 4 letter goal word into an Input Dialog Box, which must be validated against an English dictionary file.
3. Player 1 changes a letter using an Input Dialog Box, it is validated, the new word is displayed in the console.
4. Player 2 changes a letter, it is validated using an Input Dialog Box, it is validated, the new word is displayed in the console.
5. When the goal word is reached, display it in the console. Then display in the console the winner and the number of steps it took. Then the game ends.

To change a letter, the user must specify the position of one letter to change (0 for the first letter, 1 for the second letter etc), followed by a space, followed by a uppercase OR lowercase letter to change it to in order to make a new word. If the format of this input is not valid, display a descriptive error message and require the user to enter it again.

Example

Start Word: care
New Word: case
The user would enter 2 s to change the r to s.

The format to change the letter is considered invalid if:

1. The number is not an integer between 0 and 3
2. The letter is not a character between a and z
3. There is not a space between the number and letter
4. There is more than one space between the number and letter
5. The new word created by the changed letter is not in the English dictionary

wAlL
boil
0 m
2 i
0 H
0 t
1 o
0 B

wall
mall
mail
hail
tail
toil
boil
Player 2 wins in 6 steps.

1. Plan the program first: flow chart it, outline the methods you will need.
2. Program one step at a time, test it, then move on to the next step.
3. Implement the whole game first without the dictionary.
4. Since you cannot change the individual characters of a String, but you can change the individual elements of an array, you will need to convert a String to a character array and convert the character array back to a String.
   1. To convert a String to a character array:

      String someString = "this is a string";
      char  someCharacterArray;
      
      someCharacterArray = someString.toCharArray();
                          

   2. To convert a character array to a String:

      someString = new String (someCharacterArray);
                      

5. Once the game works without the dictionary, put this four letter list in a file called dictionary.txt. Use this to determine if a word is a valid 4 letter word.

Evaluation (/51)

To hand in:

• Loops Exercises
• Methods
• Arrays (1d and 2d)
• File I/O
• Pass-by-Value vs Pass-by-Reference -Value
• Nested for loops (stars program)
• Array manipulation
• Sum a number of values (Grades Average)
• Sentinel Value (Grades Average)
• Chars and the Ascii Table (Change 1 Letter)
• Character Arrays (Change 1 Letter)